連載：錯覚【１】

メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。

ＧＷが終わりましたね、その間、緊急事態宣言が延長になりました。いろいろと大変な中、如何お過ごしでしょうか。

今回は２回に分けて、少し軽い読み物として、錯覚（２回目は妄想についても）についてお話します。

“シミュラクラ現象”をご存知ですか？シミュラクラ現象とは類像現象で、錯覚現象の一つです。

人間の視覚は、三つの点が逆三角形に集まった図形を“人の顔”として見るようにプログラムされた脳の働きがあり、それを【シミュラクラ現象】と言います。

有名な錯覚現象には、このシミュラクラ現象の他に、パレイドリア現象というものがあります。シミュラクラ現象が視覚からだけの錯覚なのに対し、パレイドリア現象はより広義な意味を持ち、視覚、聴覚に及びます。

頭では『あれは空に浮かぶ雲で動物ではない（食べ物ではない）』とわかっていても、動物や食べ物の形に見えたりすることがありますよね。これは視覚パレイドリア現象です。

また、『あれは猫が喧嘩している声だ』とわかっていても、赤ちゃんの泣き声に聞こえたりしますが、これはパレイドリア現象の聴覚による錯覚です。因みにテレビ朝日系列で放送されている番組でタモリ倶楽部がありますが、その中の『空耳アワー』のコーナーも聴覚パレイドリア現象を利用した企画です。

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錯覚を起こすのは、脳が“知っている”からで、動物のように見える雲はその動物を知らなければそう見えませんし、赤ちゃんの泣き声を知らなければ、猫の喧嘩の声を赤ちゃんの泣き声とは聞こえないのです。

生き物の顔は、ほとんどの場合が目が二つと口が一つで、それは逆三角形に並んでいるものです。カマキリは配置や形までも、まさに逆三角形そのものです。

最初に私たち人間の目は三つの点が逆三角形に並んでいると顔を認識するよう、脳にプログラムされていると書きました。これは

大人、子供を問わず、起こる人、起こらない人がいるのでもなく、誰にでも起こる視覚錯覚

なのです。

顔文字などはわかりやすい例ですし、壁や天井のシミ、落ちている石、リンゴの虫喰い具合、人面魚、全部とは言いませんが心霊写真の一部など、ありとあらゆるところにシミュラクラ現象を起こすものが溢れていると思いませんか？

外出自粛で行動半径が狭まりがちな日々、お子さんとシミュラクラ錯覚探しゲームは如何でしょう？（笑）

「あぁ、ホント顔に見えるね！」

「え！？それは結構無理やりじゃない？」

「他にはどこにあるかな？」

など、和んだついでに「実はこれはシミュラクラ現象と言ってね、錯覚なんだよ。誰にでも起きるんだよ」と、くだらない雑学として教え、同時に視覚的センスも磨けて、「ママ、すご〜い！」「とーちゃん物知り！」と思ってもらえる・・・かもしれません（笑）

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＜運営会社：Jiyuuku Inc.＞

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