【多様性】のジレンマ

メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。

昨今【多様性】という言葉を聞く機会が増えました。小池都知事がよく『ダイバーシティ』という言葉を使っていますね。

この多様性、どんなイメージを持ちますか？多様性のある社会、とか、多様性を尊重する社会、など、なんとなくさまざまな価値観を認めることのように聞こえます。

【多様性を認める】、この考えは素晴らしいことだと思っています。

ただ、ふと考えました。

多様性を認めるというのなら、例えば「自分は同性愛は認めない、絶対に嫌だ」という考え方があったとしても、それは“多様性のひとつ”として認める、ということにはならないのか？と。

久しぶりに出口のないトンネルに迷い込んだような感覚です。

極端なことを書くと、多様性を認めるなら『多様性なんて認めない』という考え方・価値観があることを認めることが多様性を認めるということではないでしょうか。

なんとなくモヤモヤ〜としてきませんか？

ある考え方には反対の考え方があります。多数派と少数派、マジョリティーとマイノリティー、などそれこそ多種多様な考え方があって、今までは多数派やマジョリティーが跋扈し少数派やマイノリティーは見過ごされてきた、あるいは黙殺されてきた歴史と言っていいでしょう。しかしこれからは少数派もマイノリティーも認めること、それこそが多様性を認めることだ、と聞こえなくもありません。

個人間ではその関係性において個々の多様性や価値観を認め合うことは可能だと思います。しかし一般に言われている【多様性を認める】とは、社会全体がそういう価値観を共有することを目指しているようです。ただ、これは二面性を孕んでいると思います。一歩間違えば危険なことであり、結論から言うと相当難しいことだと思うのです。

これからの社会は少数派やマイノリティーと言われてきたものも認めていこう、という動きで、これ自体は素晴らしいと思います。一方で同時に『少数派やマイノリティーは認めない』という考え方は『排除』していく風潮をも孕んでいると思うのです。つまり、

多様性を認める社会とは、『少数派やマイノリティーは認めない』、という考え方も認めなければ（あるいは受容しなければ）、本当の意味で多様性を認める社会とは言えないのではないか？ということです。

今、コロナのワクチン接種が進んでいます。接種する側がマジョリティーになりつつあります。一方で接種できない特別な理由や事情もないのに、あえてワクチン接種をしないという人も一定数います。そういう接種しない人の価値観も認めなければ多様性を認めることにはならないのではないか？と思ってしまうのです。

実際海外では、ワクチン接種済証明書導入など、接種した人は規制を緩和するという政策に、あえてワクチン接種をしない人が接種しない自由を訴えてデモを起こしていますね。個人的には接種しない人がいてもいいとは思いますが、社会全体が接種しない人がいてもいいよね、と思うかは別問題です。こう考えると多様性を認めることの難しさを感じます。高度な民度というか、高度な受容力の土壌が社会に備わっていなければ、現実は厳しいように思えるのです。

公共の福祉や公共の秩序の維持と多様性をどう折り合いをつけていけるか、そういうことも今後問われてくると思います。そうでなければ、多様性を免罪符に悪用、乱用する輩も出てくることは十分に考えられますから。

自分の考え方や価値観がマジョリティーの側にいる時は多様性を認めている気になっていても、いざ自分がマイノリティーの側になった途端、多様性を認める社会に全然なっていないことに気付いたりします。誰もがマイノリティーの側になり得る、という意識が個々人に必要になってくるでしょう。

【多様性を認める】という方向性は間違っていないと思いますが、社会全体が本当の意味で【多様性を認める】ことができるのは、数十年、いや１００年以上の時間を要すると思います。まして日本はほぼ単一民族で、海外のように多民族・多人種国家ではないだけにです。しかし理想がなければ実現はしません（実現しないかもしれない）。ただ私たちが生きている間にそういう社会になるのは無理だろうということだけはわかる気がします。

仮に遠い将来、今よりも遥かに受容力があり、多様性を認める社会になったとしても、それはありとあらゆる考え方や価値観を無条件で認め合う社会ではなく、『部分的』『限定的』に認め合う社会だろうと思います。そしてその頃には、法に抵触することは論外として、多様性を認める場合の条件（個人の価値観や考え方を攻撃＜誹謗・中傷含む＞、強制・強要、排除、否定しないなど）が整理され、国民的コンセンサスを満たした一定の条件下でのみ多様性を認める社会の姿を想像します。

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＜運営会社：Jiyuuku Inc.＞

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