メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。
支援からこぼれ落ちてしまうのに、社会生活や日常生活であれこれ困り感が出る。わかりやすく知的障害でも発達障害でもない境界知能（知的ボーダー）をご存じですか？
自治体によって僅差はありますが、概ねＩＱ５０〜７０が軽度知的障害とされ境界知能と言われています。
成績が振るわないことが多く、概念の理解も難しいのですが頑張れば高校までは卒業でき、買い物（割引率や消費税などの計算）や煩雑な手続きは苦手だけど、サポートがあれば日常生活や社会生活はできる、といった感じでしょうか。
ＩＱは知的能力を数値化して表しますが、そこで見ているのは勉強ができるできないといった能力（学力）ではなく、さまざまな適応能力も含めて見ています。
適応能力は同年齢と比較した時に、社会生活や日常生活を送るために必要な能力がどの程度備わっているのかを見ます。
適応能力とは大まかに３つの領域に分けられ、対人コミュニケーションや日常スキル、概念などで、言語理解や読字、数や時間、記憶など抽象的なものを理解する能力が概念です。
“（ホール）ケーキが切れない非行少年たち”という本にも境界知能について説明がありました。
実際に境界知能だとどのような困り感や生きづらさを感じるのでしょうか。
サポートがあれば金銭や読字など簡単な概念は理解することができるので、時間はかかりますが買い物や家事など一人でこなせるようになります。
認知面に問題を抱えているケースが多く、感情の細分化が未熟、言語化が苦手なこともあり、コミュニケーションはパターン化され幼稚なイメージを受けることもあるようです。
感情のコントロールが苦手でキレやすかったり、先を見通した計画を立てることも苦手で、行き当たりばったりな言動、行動が目立つこともあります。
発達障害と重複するケースもあることから慎重に見極めることが大切です。
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＜運営会社：Jiyuuku Inc.＞
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