ＰＴＳＤとは【１】

メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。

ＰＴＳＤとは外傷後ストレス障害のことで、誰にでも起こりうる不安障害の一つです。言葉を聞いたことがある人は多いと思います。

実際に命の危険に晒されることや身体的な統合性の危険が起こったり、本人がそのような危険が生じていると感じた時、またその出来事を想起させる体験、目撃した後に生じます。

具体的には戦争、災害、犯罪被害者になる、事故に巻き込まれたり事故の目撃、養育者からの虐待、パートナーからのＤＶなどですが、そのような出来事があると人は戦慄や恐怖、無力感などを感じます。これはすべての人に同じように起こるというものではなく、同じ体験をしてもＰＴＳＤにならない人もいます。しかし、ＰＴＳＤにならないから心的外傷がないというわけではありません。

震災時に被災者ＰＴＳＤのためにチームの一員として被災地入りした際、実際に次のような症状が現れ、また消失していきました。

ＰＴＳＤに起こる、また起こる可能性が高い症状を順を追い説明します。

【１】
再体験症状
●出来事の苦痛を伴う反復的な想起、夢などで、実際には目の前で現実に起こっていないにも関わらず知覚、心象や思考を伴う。

回避症状
●外傷（苦痛）と関連した感情や思考、会話などを回避しようとする。
●外傷（苦痛）と関連した場所や人物を避けようとする。

過覚醒症状
●苛立ちや怒りの爆発。
●入眠障害や入眠後中途覚醒。 
【２】
再体験症状
●外傷的な出来事が今まさに起こっているかのように感じたり行動する（再体験しているような感覚や幻覚を感じたりフラッシュバック）。

回避症状
●出来事の重要な部分にある想起が不能となる。

過覚醒症状
●集中が困難。
【３】
再体験症状
●外傷的出来事にある一つの側面に対し、何かのきっかけにより類似する内外的に暴露された場合に生じる激しく強い心理的苦痛／生理学的な反応。

回避症状
●今まであった社会活動への関心、興味の著しい減退。
●変わらない人間関係が存在しているにも関わらず感じる疎遠、孤立感。
●持ち合わせていたはずの感情範囲の欠如や減退（労りや思いやり、愛の感情など）。
●持ち合わせていたはずの未来感の欠如や減退（思い描いていた仕事、結婚、子供、老後など）。

過覚醒症状
●取り巻く環境や他者に対して過度な警戒心を持つ。
●現実に起こった事象に対して過度な驚愕反応。

時間の経過と共に軽くなっていく症状がある反面、ショッキングな記憶からＰＴＳＤ症状がそのまま慢性化し、今までのような日常生活が送れなくなるケースもあります。

とても辛いと思います。

次回は、ＰＴＳＤに対する治療として効果的と言われる情動処理理論からお話しします。

◇

＜運営会社：Jiyuuku Inc.＞

「ＰＴＳＤとは【１】」への77件のフィードバック

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