思考実験【１】

メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。

師走になり今年もいよいよ残りわずかとなりましたね。寒くなりましたが、体調は如何でしょうか。

さて今回は『テセウスの船』という思考実験についてお話しします。以前そんなタイトルのテレビドラマもありましたね。

思考実験とは実際におこなわれている実験ではなく、頭（思考）の中でのみおこなわれる実験のことで、心理学／哲学／倫理学／物理学などさまざまな分野でおこなわれています。

今回はアイデンティティを深く問う哲学思考問題になります。

『テセウスの船』は、ある物体を構成している部品（さまざまなパーツ）すべてが入れ替わったとしても、それは過去あったものと同一であると言えるのかを考えます。この問題ではアイデンティティそのものをどう捉えているのかにより解答が異なります。

あるところにテセウスが乗ったとされる有名な船『テセウスの船』が保管されていました。その船は時間の経過とともに老朽化し、朽ちた部分は修理が繰り返され新しい部品に取り替えられてきました。

少しずつ船は新しい部品に入れ替わっていき、いつしか本来のテセウスの船にあった古い部品は一つもなくなり、すべての部品が新しいものになりました。

船の機能はもちろん、形や塗装といった見た目も当時テセウスが乗っていたとされる船と寸分変わらず修理されています。しかし、その船の元の船の部品はもう一つも残っていないのです。

ここで問題です。

すべて入れ替わったこの船は、過去あったテセウスの船と同じと言えるのでしょうか？

この問いへの解は、考えるその人自身の価値観や物事の本質をどのように捉えているかにより変わってきます。

身近なところにも同じようにアイデンティティを考える問題（？）があります。

創業以来、継ぎ足し継ぎ足し受け継がれてきた秘伝の鰻のタレ。メンバーチェンジを繰り返してきたアイドルグループ、などなど。

次回はテセウスの船をアリストテレスの四原因から深掘りしてみます。

◇

＜運営会社：Jiyuuku Inc.＞

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