全５回：感情と表現【４】

メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。

【３】に続き【感情マネジメント】についてで、４回目となる今回は、『不健康な感情を生む危ない連鎖』についてお話したいと思います。

ほとんどの人は、自分の中にある“must”“should”、強い要求を満たせなかった時に『危ない連鎖』を作り出してしまう傾向があります。この“must”と固く凝り固まり絶対的な“should”の相乗作用で、ネガティブ感情の不安や怒り、鬱といった感情に結び付いていきます。

具体的に危ない連鎖とはどのようなもので、どういった形で表れるのでしょうか。

【恐れ】

意図せず予想もしない出来事が起こった時に『最悪！』という場合、それは“１００％以上”の悪いことを指します。しかし、実際『最悪！』というほどに１００％以上悪い場面は少ないものなので、まず、自虐的になる『物凄く悲惨だ』『酷すぎる、最悪！』『これでは破滅だ』という感情的な言葉は使わず、セルフトークの時には『不便だ』『不愉快だ』『面倒だ』という、自分の気持ちを把握するような言葉に置き換えるようにしてみてください。

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【絶対的な普遍（いつも／絶対）】

言動や行動に腹立たしい人がいたり、イライラする不快な状況が、いつも絶対変わることはない、と信じ込んでいる状態のことです。 状況や他者がいつもある特定のまま変わらないものだ、と思い込むのはあまり現実的ではありません。状況や他者への感情的な反応は、意識することで確実に変えていくことができるので、『あなたはいつだって絶対そう』『絶対そう言うと思う』『絶対そうする！』といった“いつも”“絶対”を使ったセルフトークを止めるようにしてみてください。 ゴリゴリに固まった認知は、不安や怒りを引き起こしやすくなります。肩凝りも、凝り固まった認知も、身体の健康、心（メンタル）の健康には良くないものです。

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【無価値】

わかりやすく言うと自己否定感情です。私なんかまったくダメで役立たずだし、価値のない人間なんだ、と思い込んでしまうことです。でも、考えてみてください。誰でも間違いや過ちを犯しますよね。生きていれば、小さな失敗もあれば、とんでもない失敗をやらかして周りに迷惑を掛けることもあるでしょう。恥ずかしながら、私も外出する度に街中で遭難し、パートナーに面倒を掛けまくっていますが、なかなか改善できない“究極の方向音痴”です（笑）

私たちは、誰でも長所短所を併せ持っているので、現実的に真のダメ人間なんてあり得ないのです。『まったく価値がないんだ』という気持ちは、低い自己受容、自尊心の無さ、羞恥心や鬱へと繋がっていきます。セルフトークする時に、自分に否定的な総合評価を“決めつけ”で与えるのは避けるように心掛けましょう。

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非難や罵倒

非難し罵倒する例をクルマの運転時で挙げると『クソ、このヤロー！この下手くそ運転手！ったく邪魔だ、前を走るな！どけー！事故ってしまえ！』と言うことです。これには他者への非難だけではなく、自分への非難罵倒も含まれていて、人生のさまざまな状況で処罰や破滅を望むことです。このセルフトークはさらに怒りを増幅し、時として他者に対し暴力的な行為を引き起こしてしまいます。

自分も他者も思い通りにはならないものだし、間違いも起こすものです。ここでも口に出したりセルフトークで『前のクルマの運転手が下手くそで私は不愉快になっている』と冷静な言葉で自分の感情を確認してみることをオススメします。

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「耐えられない！」

『こんなこと耐えられない！』→ 低い欲求不満耐性 → イライラ上昇 → 不安や怒りを生み鬱になる、です。欲求不満耐性が低いと「こんなの耐えられない！」が多くなり、これが元でさらに欲求不満が募り、自分や他者にイライラしやすくなります。極端な思考に走らず『確かにツラい。とてもツラい。でも、耐えられない、死んでしまう！と思うほどではないかもしれない』とセルフトークできるようになると、イライラから増しがちな欲求不満耐性が少し上がります。

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最終回となる次回（２５日）は、自分の感情に気付き、改善していくことと、自分の感情傾向を知ることに有効な“気分日記”についてお話しようと思います。

＜運営会社：Jiyuuku Inc.＞

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