よく聞くけど意味はまったく違う【自己肯定感】と【自己正当化】

メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。

皆さんは【自己肯定感】【自己正当化】と聞くと、どのようなイメージを持ちますか？今回は混同されがちで、わかっているようでイマイチよくわかっていない自己肯定感と自己正当化についてお話ししたいと思います。

最近は子育てから企業研修、カウンセリングや学校カウンセリングの場面でも【自己肯定感】という言葉をよく聞くようになりました。

自己肯定感とは・・・自分の長所も短所も認めて、それを肯定的に受容することです。

「失敗したっていいんだもーん！」なんて軽くチャラいノリや開き直りではなく、プレゼンで失敗しても「自分は今の自分にできる精一杯で頑張った、結果は惨敗だったけど自分お疲れさま！」と思えること、これが自己肯定感です。つまり、

失敗してしまった自分、カッコ悪い自分、認めたくないドロドロした感情を燻らせる自分。そんな自分も「これも私の一部分」として、そのまま受容していく、これが【自己肯定感】です。

自己肯定感の高い人は、自分のマイナス面よりもプラス面に目を向けることができるという特徴もあります。自己肯定感は高過ぎても厄介ですが、低過ぎるとそれ以上に厄介です。

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自己正当化とは・・・他者から否定されないように自分の行動などに正しいと（無理矢理にでも）理論付けをし、自分を受け入れられようとする行為です。

自己正当化をする人は他者からの否定を恐れ、嫌います。否定されることを避けるために、自分の意見は正しいのだと無理にでも理由付けをしたがります。

わかりやすい例だとセクハラ／パワハラがあります。

「今日のスカートはもっと短いほうが可愛いよ」という発言がセクハラに当たると訴えがあった時に「親しみを込めたつもりだった」「場を和ませようとして言った」という上司、いますよね。あくまでも親しみを込めた、あくまでも場を和ませようとした、ここには自分を正当化する気持ちがあり、非を認めていません。

わざわざ皆の前で失敗を挙げ、激しく叱咤するなども「パワハラに当たるのでは」と訴えがあった時に「彼のためを思って敢えて」「恥ずかしさをバネに成長してもらいたかった」などと非を認めず自己正当化します。

どちらもが“自己受容”という点では同じように見えますが、自己肯定感には自分の意思や意見がある自分視点なのに対し、自己正当化は他者視点のため自分の意見はありません。

前記のセクハラではスカートの短さと可愛さには何の根拠もなく業務にも関係ないはずです。場を和ませようとした、親しみを込めた、という“セクハラやらかした”理由を周囲に認めてもらうための勝手な自己正当化しかしていない、ということです。

先ほどの自己肯定感が低い人に特徴があったように、自己正当化する人にも特徴があります。

自己正当化する人は他者の評価を気にするので、自分が否定されることがないように自己正当化した意見を押し通そうとします。自己肯定感の高い人は他者の意見を受け止めながら自分の意見を伝えることができますが、自己正当化する人は他者の意見を受け入れられません。

話をしていて、自分正当化したがる人は自己肯定感が低い人に多いように感じます。

「屁理屈ばかり」「身勝手」な言い訳ばかりする人が周りにいると、かなり疲れますようね。否定されるかもしれない、と思うと怖くなって傷付かないために予防策として自己正当化してしまう人がいるのも事実です。

自他の認知の違いや自他境界を理解し、アサーションスキルやアンガーマネジメントを身につけることで気持ちよくコミュニケーションができるようになります。

企業研修や勉強会でもアサーション、アンガーマネジメントは人気があります。ただ人によって習得していくスピードは違います。

一生もののスキルですから途中で投げ出さず、ひとりひとりに合ったやり方とペースでじっくり取り組んでいけるよう、いつもプログラムを考えています。

もっとあたたかな人間関係を築いていきたいという表れなんだろうと私は受け取っています。

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＜運営会社：Jiyuuku Inc.＞

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