メンタルと心の違いを考える

メンタル・イデア・ラボ、ＡＥのスミです。

私は広告制作の仕事もしているせいか、言葉に敏感なところがあります。広告はキャッチコピーをはじめ、コピーを考えることも仕事の一つです。商品やサービス、あるいは企業そのものについて、わかりやすく表現する言葉がコピーです。コピーライターという職種が専門にあります。

標題にも書いたように、私たちは『メンタルと心』を同じように使っていますが、果たして同じだろうか？という素朴な疑問が私の中でふと湧きました。

メンタルは英語、心は日本語であることは誰もが納得するところだと思います。そこで、日本語の『心』に近いは英語は何だろうと考えた時、それは『ハート（Heart）』あるいは『エモーション（Emotion）』ではないか？と。一方英語の『メンタル』に近い日本語は何だろうと考えた時、心というより『気分』『気持ち』あるいは『精神』『心理』ではないかと思いました。

私たち日本人は日常において、心が弱る、精神的に滅入る、気分が滅入る、気持ちが落ちる、などと、メンタルと心という言葉をいちいち考えて使い分けることなく、無邪気に使用していると思います。直感的に、と言ってもいいかもしれません。

心とは何か、を少し深く考えた時、それは想いだったり、感情だったり、情緒だったり、いわゆる英語で言うところのエモーショナルなことではないかと思いました。

若者の間で“エモい”という表現が使われています。エモーショナルな事象を“エモい”と彼らは言うらしいのですが、具体的に表現できない、言葉にしにくいことに遭遇した時の気持ちを表すこととして使われるようです。これは何を意味するかというと、思うに、『心が何らかの反応をした』ということではないでしょうか。精神や心理（あるいは気分・気持ち）が何らかの反応をした、と言い換えてみると、どこか違和感を感じます。やはり『心が何らかの反応をした』＝『エモい』のほうがしっくりくる気がします。

このように考えてくると、日本語の言う『心』とは、感性（センシティブ）にまつわることと言ってもいいかもしれません。

それに対してメンタルはというと、精神的、心理的な部分のことと言えるのかもしれません。心に理が付くと、途端に感性やエモーショナルなことではなく、脳との関連を想起させます。『理』つまり『ことわり』ですから、思考と密接に関係しているのではないか？つまり脳です。また心理は思考に影響されるところが大きいと言えます。人間関係で悩むことを例にすると、悩むこと自体が既に思考です。さらに精神とは一歩踏み込んだもので、その人の自分軸、支柱、存在意義というか、その中には当然思考も含まれ、現時点でその人をその人たらしめているものが精神ではないかと思うのです。

このように考えるてくると、英語の言う『メンタル』とは、思考（シンキング）にまつわることと言ってもいいかもしれません。

以上のように考えてくると、『メンタル』≒『思考』、『心』≒『感性』となり、即ちメンタルと心は似て非なるものだと言うことができます。なるほど、心理学と脳科学が密接に関係してくるわけです。あくまでも私見ですが。

だとすれば、メンタルヘルスは一般に『こころの健康』と言われていますが、『思考の健康』となります。考え方の健康ということです。ネガティブや悲観的など負の思考に引っ張られたり陥った時を思い起こすと、それに呼応するかのように気持ちに作用し、イライラが募ったり、自暴自棄になったり、体調不良、不眠、食欲不振などが生じます。思考の仕方がそもそもの発端であることがわかります。しかし現実には、そもそもの発端である負の思考は見落とされ、二次的とも言える表面に出ている気持ちや気分にばかり目がいっています。これでは対症療法的なことを繰り返すばかりで、根本解決にはなりません。

仕事が思うようにできない、向いてないのかな・・・と悩む（考える）。今日も上司に叱られた、私は（俺は）ダメな人間だ・・・と悩む（考える）。経済的に苦しい、どうしたらいいんだ・・・と悩む（考える）。などなど、自分の存在、自分の存亡に関わることで悩むこと（考えること）が、メンタルに悪い影響を及ぼしていることがわかります。なるべくメンタルに悪影響を及ぼさないためには、悩み方（考え方）を工夫することが案外有効であり、悪影響を回避できるのではないか、と思うのです。

ここまで考えてくると、性格や生来性はあまり関係がなく、ましてやそれらを変えることではなく（変えることは至難の業）、思考の仕方の選択肢を多く持つと言えばいいのか、『変える』のではなく『拡げる』ことがカギとなりそうです。その結果が心の安定へと繋がっていくのではないか、と思います。思考の仕方を拡げると言われれば何とかできそうな気がします。

最後に、ルネ・デカルトの“我思う故に我あり”という有名な言葉があります。簡単に言い換えると“私は考えている、だから私は存在している”となります。つまり、『私』の存在は『考える』ことで成り立っているということです。メンタルが思考にまつわるものだとすると、ハートやエモーションといった感性にまつわる『心』とは明らかに異なるものと言えそうです。

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＜運営会社：Jiyuuku Inc.＞

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